Theatre in Kalidasa's Art


The only structures that can be identified as theaters are caves cut in rock in central and eastern India. In eastern India there are open pavilions used for dance and drama attached to temples. The temple theaters of Kerala fit the prescriptions of Bharata’s Natyasastra in a few dimensions but all the specimens have perished.

Medium rectangular playhouse, 96*48 is taken as norm which could accommodate more than 200 spectators on mat-covered floor with benches on the sides. It was divided into equal halves. Roof was supported by wooden pillars. 

Four pillars associated with each class stand away from walls to designate seating are of classes or to represent unite of man in site plan indicating extending knowledge of Vedas to the sudras

The domain of the performers was subdivided. It is agreed that there was a backstage from where performers could get ready, wait for their entrance or give the offstage voices. There may be a wall between backstage and stage with doorways for entry-exit. There are references to doors with sliding curtains for agitated entrances reflected in names for these curtains, “javanika” meaning to impel and “javana” meaning GrecoBactrian.

There were large drums between the doors with musicians around reducing the acting area. This section, rangasirsa was elevated above the downstage. Mattavarani on both sides of downstage was used as an additional playing area or boxes for important people. Pillars further reduced the stage size.

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