Man made and Natural Fabric


All clothing is made of fibers. There are many different kinds of fibers. Each kind of fiber has its own characteristics. Fibers are either NATURAL or MANMADE.


Different Types of Fabric: 

Woven fabric – Fabric formed by interlacing yarns at right angles

(Warp- lengthwise yarns; Filling- crosswise yarns)

• Plain weave- evenly woven, like the strings of a tennis racket; strongest weave

• Twill weave- woven to form a diagonal pattern in the fabric

• Satin weave- woven with “float yarns” to make fabric with a shiny surface



Knit fabric – Fabric made by interlocking loops of yarn

• Can stretch and recover (return to original shape)

• Doesn’t wrinkle easily

• Doesn’t fray

• May “run” if snagged

Non-woven fabric – Fabric made by matting or binding fibers together

• Edges do not fray or unravel when cut

Fabrics from Natural Fibers:

COTTON – from cotton plants

Advantages: soft, durable, comfortable, absorbent, strong, washable
Disadvantages: wrinkles, shrinks

LINEN

Advantages: durable, comfortable, absorbent, washable
Disadvantages: wrinkles, shrinks

WOOL – comes mainly from sheep

Advantages: warm; resists wrinkles

Disadvantages: shrinks; can be damaged by moths; may have to dry clean

SILK – comes from a silkworm’s cocoon

Advantages: lightweight; flexible; strong; luster

Disadvantages: damaged by perspiration & sunlight; may have to be dry cleaned


Fabrics from Man-made Fibers:

ACETATE

Advantages: soft; drapes well; looks like silk

Disadvantages: wrinkles, fades, heat-sensitive, loses strength when wet; poor abrasion resistance; keep away from perfume & nail polish remover (dissolves in acetone); dry clean

ACRYLIC

Advantages: soft, lightweight, warm, resists wrinkles; blends well with other fabrics; non-allergenic; often resembles wool Disadvantages: may “pill” with abrasion; sensitive to heat

NYLON

Advantages: STRONG; holds shape well; washable; dries quickly Disadvantages: does not absorb moisture; sensitive to heat; can pick up dyes when washed with colored items; static electricity

POLYESTER

Advantages: resists wrinkles; blends well with other fibers; washable; dries quickly

Disadvantages: holds oily stains

RAYON

Advantages: soft; comfortable; highly absorbent

Disadvantages: wrinkles easily; loses strength when wet; usually dry cleaned

SPANDEX

Advantages: high degree of stretch and recovery; combines well with other fibers

Disadvantages: weakened by chlorine bleach


Specialty Fabrics:

BURLAP

A loose weave material

Blend of thick and thin yarns woven together to get a rough look

CALICO

Small print – usually on cotton woven fabric

CORDUROY

A pile fabric of plain or twill weave

May have wide or narrow cords or ribs

DENIM

Strong, coarse, washable twill weave fabric

FLANNEL

Plain or twill weave fabric with a soft brushed surface

FLEECE

Pile fabric

Soft and warm

Knit fabric

GINGHAM

Warp and filling threads dyed different colors to create a check design

LACE

A fine open-work fabric with patterns of twisted, knotted or looped threads on a background of mesh or net


TERRY CLOTH

A woven or knit fabric with loop pile on one or both sides

Absorbent (towel fabric)

VELVET

A pile fabric with short, closely-woven cut pile (Usually made of silk or rayon)

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